Ask them and talk with an attorney. No one can do anything more than guess based on the limited information provided.

If the lien was not recorded and you had no knowledge of the lien when you purchased the property you are likely protected by a legal concept...

If someone has a life estate, they are responsible for property maintenance, among other things. See an attorney.

You might need to sue to obtain title of the house. Before you sue, you might need to open an estate. See an attorney.

Probably not............................................................................................

Probably not. ..........................................................................................................

Probably not. See a divorce attorney........................................................................

Please read what you sign before you sign it. You should also see an attorney. Depending on the facts, you may have a complex fraud argument....

Yes, a spouse can claim equitable division of assets. Further, you cannot evict a spouse from your house. See a divorce attorney.

Sounds complicated. Take all the documents you have and talk with an attorney in person..............