How do I visit Canada if my mom is a permanent resident of the US but not an valid passport?

This is not really a US immigration matter. She can travel to Canada using her green Card. However how she will travel back home or anywhere else...

Am I eligible to apply for naturalization after 1 year of being LPR based on the exemption of Sec. 316. [8 U.S.C. 1427] ?

Unfortunately you must have been a permanent resident for 5 years before you can apply for citizenship, regardless of how long you have lived in...

N400 - Failure to File Tax

Yes. USCIS wants to make sure that you don't owe taxes and that if you do, you are on a payment plan with the IRS. As long as you have transcripts...

I dont understand why do i need a permit?

If you are traveling to Honduras on a US passport, you may need a visa to enter Honduras. That is up to them. All you need to re-enter the US is...

Do I need to submit copy of American passport or naturalization certificate, or both? As a proof of citizenship for I-130.

If you have both I would just submit both and self yourself the headaches. In theory either one should be accepted but I also feel the certificate...

How can we get her to stay

What you can do is consult with an attorney as soon as possible. This forum can only give brad answers and your girlfriend's case is very case...

Can I apply for the citizenship, and if not how can I be qualified? (LPR)

As you can see from the replies, it is a matter of doing the math.they could figure out the presence requirements, It would be best if you met with...

this is not employment. It will not be counted against you.

Do i need to renew my EAD based on the pending USCIS decision? Or can i just keep on working till I get a decision

Yes, you need to renew your work authorization.

only written statements need to be notarized. If, for example, you needed to have someone state that they know of your marriage and it is real,...