Small claims court. Name is wrong on filing papers. Can I have the law suit thrown away?

Nope. And even if you hadn't already filed an answer, it would have been easy to fix this "misnomer".

I received a letter from a collection company said I owned them $5000. It was from my previous university.

I agree with Mr. Berkus. Stay on top of the university.

Will my current wife's credit be affected due to my credit being flagged for a child support arrearage?

Your credit issues should have no impact on your wife's credit.

I am an estate beneficiary. The personal representative did not give me my full share. How do I get the rest of my claim?

I agree with the other attorneys' excellent answers. In addition, you can retain an estate attorney to look at what was done and see if it was done...

Do I have a case?

You should speak with the police and a shelter immediately. And you should NOT post this sort of detailed personal information online.

I agree with the other excellent answers. Make sure that you discuss the possible purchase of a car with your bankruptcy attorney *before* you do...

What should I expect in court?

I have a video that discusses a typical Meeting of Creditors in Maryland. You can see it at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fo6lQ81Odvs

Stop wage garnishment?

So long as you keep your car payments current and there's little or no equity in it, you will keep your car. I recommend speaking with a local...

Ask for leave to file for personal bankruptcy?

Once you file for bankruptcy, your attorney can file a "Suggestion of Bankruptcy" in the state court proceeding to halt collection actions. I do...

When my bankruptcy case is reopened, do I have an immediate stay? And where do I go from here if I am looking file Adversary?

I agree--you do need a lawyer. Whether the automatic stay goes into effect depends on the language of the reopening order.