Will there be any issue if USCIS finds out multiple petition applied for me?

Yes USCIS will know if more than one petition is filed for you and there will not be any issues because of multiple filings.

Can I file for H-1 B visa while being on F-1 if I get a job?

Yes you can apply for the H-1b while you are on a student visa. You will need a lawyer's help though.

Does my father qualify for the 40 quarter of coverage under the social security act, meaning he wont need a sponsor if he does

Your father will still need a sponsor. You should consult with an immigration attorney in person.

Can an approved change of status H1B petition be converted to consular processing?

Yes you can ask your attorney to file in consular processing.

How many total years/months left in my H1B period now?

The math is quite simple - just add up the month you were in the US and subtract that from 36 months.

Options to transfer my H1B to a private company.

You should discuss the possibility of a transfer with the company's immigration attorney.

You can make a written request for the records or may even be able to request the records online.

Is it suggestible to travel to india during this time period with my existing passport?

Renew your passport either here or in India. It must be valid for six months to re-enter the US.

Is it good idea to provide the email address of the head prosecutor to consulate officer???

It will not hurt your situation but the best course is to provide certified records of the disposition. A letter from the prosecutor's office can...

What visa category should I apply through? should I pursue my case through a visa consultant? and Other requirements?

Take your pick on whether you want to hire a visa specialist or talk with an immigration attorney.