Will I be able to renew my visa after my I-485 was denied?

Your situation is very precarious. You are currently out of status. There might be ways to become legal, however. Consult an immigration attorney...

Can he establish permanant residency or become a citizen without having to leave the country?

It depends on whether he came here legally or not. Consult an immigration attorney for a comprehensive evaluation of your case.

Liability directly to ex-spouse under I-864 after divorce

Consult an immigration attorney for a comprehensive evaluation of your case. You have too many questions for this general forum.

NVC call

Consult an immigration attorney for a comprehensive evaluation of your case to put your worries at ease.

How much grace time period will i get to maintain my h1b status if i'm loosing my job in next 7 days ? I'm working on H1b

There is no grace period. Once your visa expires, you are out of status.

How to make corrections on my H1B Visa and I-94?

Consult an immigration attorney for a comprehensive evaluation of your case in order to determine the best way to handle that. Good luck.

Will I have trouble renewing my green card? how can I avoid that ahead of time?

Consult an immigration attorney for a comprehensive evaluation of your case because many things can affect the decision to deem that you have...

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Marry green card holder spouse

It will take a while to receive your green card or work authorization since your spouse is only gc holder. Consult an immigration attorney for a...

I have a valid visa type C1/D until 2017 and I came to USA as a crewman, and stayed in USA.

Consult an immigration attorney for a comprehensive evaluation of your case.

Is it possible to get a US driver's license in the US (especially in NY) while 'change of status' pending?

That would depend on what change of status you are referring to.