Do i need a lawyer or what please suggest

You could indeed benefit fom a consultation with an immigration attornye about your chances and steps to take.

What is the i-140 processing procedure? J1 -> I-140

Depends on the category, It could be self sponsored or need an employer to start the process.

TPS Eligilibility

You should still qualify despite the travel to Nepal.

USCIS Processing Times Question.

Give it some time. A few months is still within the norm. They have 120 days to adjudicate.

There is not such a thing. It depends on the loca culture and the judge handling the case.

Divorce after completion of green card second stage.

No. Divorce makes you no loner the spouse and thus no loner a derivtive.

I agree with Mr. Abrutyn. You can seek your own lawyer and explore other options of proving experience.

Pre-conceived intent

You can provide all these documents establishing that you actually had no intention of remianing in the USA on that trip. You should be alright.

Do you need to have deportation preccedings to apply for cancelation of removal?

This is a defense against removal and as such can only filed when the government is seeking your removal, not before.

If a child is about to become 18, how does the naturalization process for his parents affect him?

Once he turns 18, he will have to seek naturalization on his own by filing form N400 with USCIS.