Drug possession and robbery are two different crimes so your question is a little confusing. In addition, much more information is needed to answer...

How do we find out if we get charged or arrest warrant without being arrested in Bronx, New York

Hire an a experienced criminal defense attorney and have her/him call the local Bronx police precinct where the incident occurred.

If it is an FDIC covered institution, I beliefw they will find out about a violation or even an ACD.

Do I have a good chance of this charge being dropped?

Possibly a good defense, depening on other facts and circumstances. Hire a good criminal defense attorney.

What happens if lawyer doesn't show up for preliminary conference in one of nyc courts?

Sounds like you have assigned counsel. If you want a different lawyer you have to ask the judge.

A charge is just an accusation. The proof will come out at trial. If there is no proof at trial you will be acquitted.

You mean a certificate of disposition. You can get it yourself from the court clerk's office.

He is basically correct, although I always add that the system is not foolproof.

Leaving the scene with property damage is a Vehicle and Traffic Law violation, not a crime, but you should speak with an immigration attorney as...

Bail jumping fine or penalty after 90 days

You will not be hit with a fine but bail may be set, depending on the circumstances. Surrendering on the warrant voluntarily is the best way to...