After divorce trial, can judge sign husbands proposed judgement if it is clearly unfair?

It happens all the time when one party has a lawyer and the other doesn't. Consult a local attorney now to see if you have any options remaining.

Is asset division always 50/50, irrespective of circumstances?

A sure bet.

It doesn't. And if you want to be told accurate things about the law, consult a local family lawyer.

No.

Can I file for child support when my husband and I still live together, and have no plans to divorce?

Under those circumstances the court would likely throw your petition out. But you can consult a local attorney and see if there is anything you can...

I found out 15 years later that my divorce wasn't final until after i remarried. am i legal married in california.

No - nor are you legally married anywhere else. My advice would be to remarry your spouse...

Do I need to get divorced?

There is no record of common law marriages unless you make one. What made you think you were married under common law?

If i originally got married in NY, but then got divorced in another country. would the US consider me officially divorced?

Yes - if there is due process, meaning if you have notice and an opportunity to be heard by the Court in Trinidad. If not the divorce and any...

What legal terms are used in court to ask the judge to seize the assets and property of in case someone loses the lawsuit?

Judges don't seize assets.

My wife owns a small business and wants a divorce

Profit is not the only way to value a business, and pro se is a way to mess up a complicated divorce.