Can I marry someone that is legally divorced in the US, but is not in another country where his ex-wife resides?

If he's divorced there should be no problem.

Married for 19 years. separated for 1. No legal separation agreement. Wife has always been dependent on husband.

Ability to pay is a key factor in any spousal support case. If the husband has limited ability to pay the court will take that into account.

After approximately 20 years of separation, I would like a divorce, but my wife is contesting it. What can I do?

All you can do is go through the litigation process.

What is required for pre-trial hearing for a contested divorce? Do I need to such things as witness list and stuff for trial?

If you have such a threat do you have an order of protection? It would be extremely unusual for a court to allow such an appearance if it's...

How do I get an earlier final hearing date for my divorce?

If he says you're not in agreement - and you say you are - obviously you're not.

Is my spouse able to get half of my retirement for the years we were married?

Under most circumstances, yes. But with pensions at stake it's prudent for you to consult with a local attorney and discuss your situation in detail.

His procedure is the same as the procedure for anyone else - it's just more difficult for him to file the documents personally.

Can a divorce decree be modified 8 years after original signed?

Under some circumstances, yes - but those circumstances are limited. Discuss the issue in detail with a local attorney.

Does the court can force me to give a Jewish divorce?

It can - and will - require you to remove all barriers to your spouse's remarriage.

My husband moved out (We've been having irreconcilable differences).

You can certainly get a divorce. Child support is more complicated - the support is for the children, not for you - and you saying that you don't...