Correct, the answer is NO, as they are not immigrating.

Write to your congressperson or senator, to the ombudsmen. Maybe the Philadelphia AILA chapter has some contacts at that field office.

I don't normally write this as I think it defeats the purpose of this forum, but I think you should speak with an attorney about your situation.

As long as your future husband is a US citizen, you can quit the job.

Go to the post office or passport office and apply for a passport.

The police report is good for 6 months.

Speeding tickets do not affect immigration. You'll be fine.

You should look for a local assistance program to help you with your case. But yes I think you need to file the form to USCIS...

If your mom has a tourist visa, she can certainly visit the US while her case is pending.

I doubt it will do much of anything. The people reviewing these things are not very detailed oriented.