How to acknowledge research papers that are used for making a commercial application.

You certainly cannot receive any actionable advice here because there are far too many aspects to consider and the important one being what are...

Do I need a FDCPA or Identity Theft lawyer to help me with a fraudulent account made by a business I previously owned?

He needs to consult with a credit / consumer advocate attorney and see what if anything he will be liable for. He is not of course responsible for...

Can I sell a photo that contains the image of a Disney character even if the photo is not of the character itself?

I think it is too difficult to answer this in the abstract. If it seems pretty clear that any Disney IP is affixed in the image and this is what...

Do I need permission from Sports team or the NBA to use their logo/design and name for personal use, even if not to make money?

No one is going to know or care about your personal non-commercial use of this in your own home. The law would consider any such claim, not that...

Can a member of a partnership establish a trademark as a sole owner of a business

This is far too fact intensive for anyone to be of meaningful help here. You need to consider the trademark (brand) as an asset that has value (or...

Can I sell a game that uses the names and likenesses of contemporary and historical politicians?

I agree with my colleagues. Using their names and expressing your opinions, etc. about public officials is a First Amendment issue. As noted...

Am I allowed to use old photographs that belong to the public domain with identifiable people in work that could be commercial?

Of course the specter of legal issues exists as noted. First, whatever image you use really must be clear to use and I would be very wary of just...

Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 - What exactly does ''ShareAlike'' mean?

I think you received some very good info here. All this means is that while you are free to use it, you may only do so if your end product is...

As all the others have driven home, the context matters greatly. I see no problem just posting the shot on FB if your intention is to display it...

Does a non-compete clause prevent me from using work I have done for said employer in my public portfolio or online website?

My colleagues have offered good insights. Your best course of action is to get permission from the employer to use the material solely to showcase...