Am I allowed to use specific Titles, characters and authors to illustrate a point or as examples in a nonfiction book?

The short answer is of course you are free to write about anything or anyone you want. If you were using their work in your work then we might have...

Can I consult with an IP attorney re an NDA?

Of course, but you are going to have to initiate the contact. You are free to contact anyone that responds here or use the "find a lawyer" tab to...

Company I worked for closing, can I advertise that I was former employee of this company?

As noted, merely stating that fact is not a problem, but if you seek to misrepresent anything like present the impression that the former employer...

If I put images of people that I pulled down from website on my design architectural renderings. Does it violate copyright law

You have two potentially serious problems. One, any image you use is presumably going to be protected under copyright law and you would need...

Can I use a professional sports team logo (Ex. NFL - Ravens) on an free app that I develop? Do I need a license to use them?

As everyone notes, it is all but entirely certain that you would require a license because any use of their trademarks can easily present a false...

What permissions do I need to publish my story?

As noted, it sure sounds like you would be creating a derivative work. The test under copyright law is called "substantial similarity." If you...

Whats considered copyright infringement.

The test under copyright law is called "substantial similarity." So the company you currently license from cannot prevent or frustrate your...

Can I apply this method to use all the images founded from any website which are not allow for commercial and personal use?

As noted, you have to consider that any image you use that you have found online is protected under copyright law and as such you have no right to...

You received some good insights here, but to be honest I would refrain from offering an off the cuff opinion because there could be critical...

Received an email from a lawyer saying I have 14 days to go to court?

You received some good answers here. There is not much to add other than that you really need to get some clarity in the substantive facts here....