How long does it takes to get my visa

About a year or so from the start to finish.

Can I & my wife apply for citizen ship after voting by mistake?

Unless done by mistake and timely corrected, it will be a big problem.

Do I need to submit the original or copy of the receipt of the ASC appointment (fingerprint) to the judge?

No need unless the question of whether you complied with the time provided is in quesiton.

Tax for departing F-1

I do not think you would have problem reentering on your facts. You should, however make sure you paid all your taxes.

My OPT application has been in "initial review" for more than 100 days. What do I do?

You talk to the DSO and see what they suggest you do.

I am from China, I have asylum case pending in BIA. If I want to leave US right now (not to China) to visit my son, can I get AP

Not if you are already in removal proceedings which you are. You leave the USA and your appeal to the BIA will be considered abandoned.

My i360 was approved in September 2013

You need and should schedule an infopass and see what is going on.

I need advice on Reinstating my Previous H1 from H4 status.

There is no such a thing as reinstatement of I-129. New employer - new petition. Talk to their attorney.

If they left the USA without AP and are now outside, they have abandoned their AOS applications and you need to file I824 to have the case...

H1b extension beyond 6th year

Under AC 21, you need to be able to show that your LC has been pending for 365 if you want to have the I129 extended beyond 6 years.