If a foreigner overstays US tourist visa by 5 months and then leaves, can they return by marrying a US citizen in their country?

A person does not become inadmissible until they remained in the United States for 180 days od more. Your friend would be able to immigrate after...

Is there a way that I can assist my mother who has submitted paperwork to get his US citizenship?

You cannot do anything to help your brother at this time. He must wait for an immigrant visa to be available for him and his family.

Do I need another petition ?

You can use the same petition. Talk to your employer's immigration attorney about what is needed.

Do I have to be employed to petition for spouse?

No, you do not have to be employed if you have a joint sponsor with sufficient income.

Do I have to be employed to petition for spouse?

No, you do not have to be employed if you have a joint sponsor with sufficient income.

Can I write a formal letter to the embassy of the united states for being absent for one year?

Are you wishing to return to the United States? Do you want to abandon your starus? You need to discuss the matter in a consultation. There is a...

Yes, you can marry while she is in the United States. Once married she can request a change of status.

Travel outside USA after H1B transfer

Assuming you transfer again, your employer's immigration attorney can explain the process and help you obtain the appropriate evidence.

I have a E2 Visa. I had my passport & sentry (4biz in Mx) taken at the airport bc of 7g of weed i got ticket for 1 wk ago. W2D?

This is a very significant problem. Drug offenses are treated very harshly under United States immigration law. You need to schedule a consultation...

Do I need to come from Canada to a port of entry to apply for TN visa or can I come from U.S. (I am currently in US as visitor)?

You must cross back to Canada to request a TN visa. You can use a visitor visa to attend interviews, but you can undertake no work or training.