You need to use the date that you actually started working for the company not the date you were offered the job.

This is a matter where you need to consult an attorney directly. A lot more information is needed about the matter to assess the options available.

It means that her application is under review.

You would need to be able to legally operate your business in order to obtain an E-2 visa.

Have you spoken to your employer's immigration attorney? What did he/she/they say?

Whether you will have issues entering the Philippines is for an experienced immigration attorney licensed to practice law in the Philippines to...

It depends upon what you failed to disclose. This may be a matter where you want to have a private consultation with an experienced immigration...

You are allowed to legally send money to India. Sending money to India should not have any impact on your OPT or H-1B process.

You technically have both asylum and TPS status. TPS does not take away your grant of asylum.

You may be able to apply for a green card and work permit if otherwise eligible. You will receive a copy of the order with the ROP.