Can the divorce be settled faster if filed in the U.S.A., and can a foreigner file such while outside of the U.S.A?

It all depends on the particular state's law.

My husband fell in the 10 year bar for being in the US more than 180 day

Possible but he will need a waiver. Look into provisional waiver regs. They may apply if he is in the country still.

L1 to L2 COS

Yes you can.

My brother was granted asylum in 2010 and his work permit will expire next month

Asylee does not require work permit. It is an additional bonus. First time for free then for pay. He should have filed for GC by now. Tell him to...

Can a U visa holder, who is married to US citizen, but had entered US w/out inspection, can apply for adjustment of status ?

Yes. However, if there is an inadmissibility issue it is better to stick to U visa. Waivers are more liberal.

How do my friend waive his 5 yrs barred entry to the US?

Hardship waiver.

Selected as the best answer

What does an interview with the consulate consist of?

an informal conversation with a professional who knows more about you than you about him.

Error in my naturalization certificate

You did not pay attention. Now you will have correction with USCIS and pay for it.

What position as business / management in a private school that may require a master degree to apply for green card ( 2 ) ?

Good question. No idea. I would need to research the issue.

My wife had applied for F1 we for F2 . Before receiving the F1 / F2 , she applied for Asylum ; we did the Fingerprints .

If you are talking about an asylum interview, and AO decides to deny your asylum, there will not be a referral to an immigration court. Instead you...