File for adjustment as soon as possible preferably with the same 90 days.

H1B new wage rules, is there any case filled against this rule?

No and no one knows if there will be, thought I agree it is likely. I think the rule could be retracted by the new administration.

Case based on marriage

It takes months rather than weeks so.........

When will I get my work permit? Can I do internship for my master degree while waiting for work permit and green card?

November is too early to be concerned. December January is more realistic.

How long can I stay if a change of status (COS) from H1B to B2 is under process?

180 days. If you need more time you need to file I 539 extension even though you did not get a decision on the previous one yet.

I-140 Pending, need to file I-485 and EAD with AP?

You should file the entire adjustment package which should include the I 485, I 131 and I 765 among others.

Marriage while asylum interview is coming up

You should talk to an attorney. getting married and filing your immigration forms will not without more resolved all the issues involved.

H1B requirements a new Employer need to do?

I agree with Maestro Behar. make sure the employer complies with all certifications on the LCA.

You will. It is a known issue but I do see cases moving slowly.

You are not obligated to travel to or reside in Colorado.