If a a settlement is reached and the case closed, can a insurer pursue recovery of claims from the plantiff?

Your facts are not clear. Normally, if a case is settled it is settled.

I had fusion in 2012 to correct spinal stenosis with a fusion at L3-5. The right leg neuropathy was corrected BUT.......

Could be consult with a medical malpractice attorney ASAP

Probably. If food was that hot, it should have been safely packed. Consult with a local personal injury attorney

I have a medical disease that requires me to take nicotine in order to stimulate my colon. Can a company refuse to hire me?

Consult with an employment attorney

Can I do anything about my defamation of character after receiving a formal letter stating I was under investigation.

I don't really follow your facts, but you should consult with an employment attorney.

How do I tempt a Medical Malpractice / Wrongful Death attorney to meet with me and go over 800+ pages of hospital records etc...

You shouldn't really having a problem getting someone to review your case is you are willing to pay them. Usually there is a free consultation.

Consult with a local personal injury attorney immediately.

Is there anything I can do now?

Hopefully KY has a continuous treatment extension for the statute of limitations so you wont be out of luck. Otherwise it sounds like a good case....

It would probably depend on whether or not they adjusted the bindings properly

What is the split when it comes to disbursement in a wrongful death suite for siblings? 1 minor 1 adult child

It depends on the laws in your state. Consult with another wrongful death/personal injury attorney in your area if you doubt his advice or better...