Yes your previous asylum may impact their visa approval.

More information is needed about spouses pending status.

More information is needed about spouses pending status.

Yes you may petition only one parent, even if divorced.

No likely not based on their ages.

You can submit a written request for withdrawal of the asylum application.

Yes this should be indicated where appropriate.

Yes you may submit an expedite request with the same reasoning.

This must be disclosed at time of interview. Best to work with an attorney to prepare and amend.

Yes it is possible but not advisable to the country from which you claimed asylum.