A review of your case is necessary to provide best guidance.

Yes you may apply for visitor visa despite previous overstay.

The applicant may petition for himself through filing of DS160.

I agree with my colleague. It depends on whether I485 will require an interview.

You must be a USC in order to petition for your mom.

If she is not married you do not need to submit this and can notify NVC of error.

No this shouldn’t unless communicable disease.

Yes you may do so while your AOS is pending.

This is best discussed in a consultation setting. Good luck.

Yes you may request humanitarian parole for your family members.