Yes this will cause scrutiny at the time of entry.

I agree with my colleague. Continue to make contact with USCIS.

A green card would be needed initially.

Best to reapply given information provided.

This is absolutely not advisable to present yourself as US person.

Yes you should indicate the new I94.

This would not be considered an overstay if the petition was timely filed.

Less than 6 months is advisable or apply for a reentry permit.

Best to apply for a reentry permit given the information provided.

A divorce would disqualify you from the I130 benefits.