Best to discuss your case with an experienced attorney. Good luck.

Yes you may submit supporting evidence for renewal.

Travel to Hawaii is considered domestic so this should be sufficient.

You can attempt an application and worst case scenario is denial due to physical presence and continue residence.

Family and financial ties to home country is best options.

It varies depending on region but can take a few weeks to months to schedule.

Married but separated would be more proper.

No this application does not allow for employment authorization.

No the cosignor may act for multiple parties.

Schedule an infopass appointment to speak to an officer about the case or have the RFE resent due to not receiving by the May date.