Contact USCIS to obtain approval notice.

Your chances of approval without interview are high given RFE.

Yes this should be valid to renew license.

This may be a valid basis for expedited processing.

Yes you may do so and adjust status through USC spouse.

Very sorry for your loss. Unfortunately this is not advised since you claimed asylum from your home country.

Yes you may remain as you are lawfully present.

Yes you may do so if they entered with valid intention to visit. Best to consult with an attorney for guidance.

No the officer is incorrect and you should wait until spouse is USC for 3 years or apply under 5 year rule.

You need employment authorization to do so.