Yes he may be eligible based on legal entry and good faith marriage to USC. Consult with an attorney for guidance.

Yes as long as J1 is otherwise valid.

No this should not impact future I485 with new employer.

It could take up to 30 days but best to contact USCIS directly.

Best to work with an attorney for further correspondence after a refusal.

Contact USCIS and notify them of this error.

Difficult to say without review of your request. Consult with an attorney for guidance.

Your criminal history should be reviewed to provide a better understanding.

The EAD does not mean that the VAWA application was approved.

Yes you may still proceed with CRBA.