An exemption is possible but difficult. Consult with an attorney for guidance.

It is best to obtain a reentry permit for travel more than 6 months.

Yes you may do so but spouse cannot file I485 without status.

Yes you may apply for I130 after marriage.

The misrepresentation could have serious consequences. Consult with an attorney for guidance.

It is advisable to have an attorney review the RFE to determine how to respond.

Best to consult with retained counsel for guidance.

It is not advisable to enter the US without status or a visa.

Not based on his occupation alone but on the merits of the case.

You should be admitted if your visa is still valid and you have not violated the terms of the visa.