Alimony is taxable to you, this would be one of those reasons to hire a competent professional.

We took out money from our 401k, because we thought they denied his benefits. Then they approved him

It is income if not put back into a retirement account within the allowed time frame, 60 day rollover.

What limitation applies to contributions to Traditional and Roth IRAs by individuals whose incomes exceed $115,000?

$5500 in a year $6500 if you are over 50, those are the limits per person not per IRA type.

How are a parents taxes calculated when married for child support purposes?

Child support payments are not taxable to the parent receiving, nor deductible by the payer. This is different than alimony.

When I pay my landlord $350 every 2 weeks to rent a room in his home, he always wants "cash only".

The IRS, may give rewards for turning something like that in depending on the amount. If you want to get out, then get out, breaking your lease may...

Can the state take over a property if no will was left by parents who died?

An estate needs to be opened, the state only takes the property do to non payment of taxes or lack if of heirs in there intestate succession. Find...

Can I sue my CPA for treating the income tax as a direct tax, when the U.S. Supreme Court says it's an excise?

You can try, but you will likely lose. You tax professional would seem to fall within what is reasonable.

Can I deduct expenses for repairing rental property from income earned from other job?

Depends, this is likely to specific to your situation to give you any kind of answer on this forum. You need to consult a tax law professional.

Receiving gifts from foreigner's US account

Gift Tax reporting generally applies to a party making a gift over the annual exclusion, when the party is subject to US gift and and estate taxes....

Is there any tax liability by US or CA government - If I sell inherited land (residential plot) in India, worth around $100,000?

Whether such a sale would be taxable would depend on your basis in the property. Assuming you are generally subject to US taxation this property...