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It is your choice on when to file, depending on what's more important to you.
See questionIf there is a possible issue with your I-485, you should consult with an immigration attorney first. Otherwise, filing I-485 under both categories is your choice. If a priority date is current for either EB-2 or EB-3, apply for an I-485 for EB-category with an earlier priority date. Also, consider other details of each EB-filing.
See questionYou may contact the Europian issuing authority and ask if a signed power of attorney document is acceptable to request a police certificate on your behalf.
See questionYou may look up your F-1 status info on I-94 record online. At least, you'll have an F-1 status confirmation and your travel history. You'll need an actual visa (stamp in your passport) to return to the US after an international travel. You can obtain a new F-1 visa in a US consulate in Brazil.
See questionYou'll benefit from a consultation with an experienced immigration attorney.
See questionI agreed with prior answer, there is no statute of limitation for tax fraud. Additionally, you will be liable for any fraudulent tax returns and tax debt if you signed jointly filed tax returns. Innocent spouse defense may apply in your case. You'll need to discuss your situation with an experience tax attorney during a confidential consultation.
See questionIn your situation, I'd suggest to have a second opinion from another accountant first. Depending on when tax return was filed, you may be able to amend it to correct any mistakes. You may go after your CPA but your IRS debt would continue to accumulate. When negotiating with the IRS, your reliance on your CPA's advice and representation could help you to reduce your tax debt. I suggest hiring an experienced tax attorney to represent you in the IRS dispute.
See questionIn this situation, it is best to schedule a consultation to cover all questions about filing requirements. and your eligibility as a sponsor.
See questionYou can incorporate your legal entity in any U.S. state or in foreign country. If you need a physical presence in CA, you'll have to register your legal entity in CA as a foreign corporation or LLC, etc. In this case, you'll also must pay all applicable CA state taxes and federal taxes. All LLCs in California must file Form 3522 and pay the $800 Annual Franchise Tax every year, regardless of revenue or activity. You may visit www.ftb.ca.gov for specific information regarding your tax filing obligations.
See questionYou should consult with an experienced tax attorney to evaluate your eligibility for an innocent spouse defense with the IRS. You may review some helpful information here: https://www.guzhvalaw.com/practice-areas/seattle-bellevue-wa-tax-attorney/irs-collections/innocent-spouse-relief/
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