Am I allowed to file motion for retrial after I signed a waiver of rights to appeal? What about appeal?

In exchange for the plea you were asked under oath if you understood the charges, the sentence, and the consequences. It was your decision to answer at that time under oath. If you said yes and signed and were not under duress in open court when you were before the judge, then an appeal is not a likely course that would be successful. What you know is that you waived your right to appeal.

As you were represented by counsel you acknowledge you talked it all through with the lawyer, too,

Good luck to you.

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First, I assume that you were on probation (deferred or straight) for a state jail felony and that in some manner the State alleged that you violated the probation.

The judge essentially runs your probation. While the attorney may not have made clear that you had a right to a hearing, he made clear what would happen if you pursued a hearing - you would get the maximum sentence. There are some judges who will refuse to revoke a person & keep them in programs with the hopes that at some point they will get the picture, straighten up, and be successful.

If you were able to get back into court (via, perhaps, a writ of habeas corpus), you would be in front of the same judge with the same rules, only now s/he would know about your attitude - that you don't care to work at and try to finish probation & you just want it over with. I can guess what sentence you might end up with and it isn't at the lower end of the range.

Different judges have different rules so I cannot state with certainty that your judge would not have revoked you and given you the minimum. But, if you have had prior motions to revoke or adjudicate your probation, it is not likely that you would have gotten the minimum from any judge.

You are right = 6.5 years is a long time. Given that you know the judge's attitude, you might try to do your very best to finish the requirements and then file a motion to terminate probation. Since it has been extended, the judge may find it best to terminate as soon as you complete your requirements.

To invalidate an appeal waiver, you will, at a minimum, have to demonstrate your agreement to the appeal waive was not voluntary. In light of the information you have provided, you will likely have a very, very tough time proving that. You stated under oath, more than likely, that you had discussed the case with your lawyer, discussed the plea arrangement with your lawyer, and knew what rights you were giving up as a result of pleading guilty. Those averments, if stated, will make it very, very difficult to prove the appeal waiver was involuntarily entered.